Abstract
Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major contributor to maternal illness and mortality worldwide. During pregnancy, IPV has been associated with reduced antenatal clinic attendance, psychological trauma, and adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight and preterm birth. In Zimbabwe, cultural expectations, patriarchal norms, and economic constraints contribute to IPV risk, yet evidence specific to antenatal populations remains limited.
Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted at Colin Saunders Hospital. Participants comprised 30 pregnant women sampled conveniently, and eight midwives and four healthcare administrators selected purposively. Structured questionnaires captured demographics, IPV experiences, and perceived causes and effects. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics.
Results: All pregnant participants reported experiencing IPV. Emotional abuse was universal, while most also reported physical and sexual violence. Major contributing factors included financial dependency, partner alcohol and drug use, and patriarchal cultural structures. Impact of IPV included psychological distress, missed antenatal appointments, and obstetric complications such as preterm labour.
Discussion: These findings align with other researches globally and in Africa demonstrating high IPV rates in pregnancy and strong links to economic vulnerability and gender norms. Emotional violence frequently precedes physical abuse, underscoring the need for healthcare providers to recognise non‑physical forms of IPV. The adverse maternal and fetal outcomes observed reinforce global evidence linking IPV to poor reproductive health outcomes. Strengthening routine IPV screening in antenatal clinics and enhancing provider capacity to respond sensitively is crucial.
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