Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. However, data on its prevalence and pattern among diabetic adults in Jalingo, Taraba State, is scarce. This study aimed to assess the pattern of dyslipidemia and its association with ASCVD risk in this population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 155 adult type 2 diabetic patients attending a diabetic clinic in Jalingo. Socio-demographic and clinical were collected using a structured questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were taken for lipid profile and blood glucose analysis. The 10-year ASCVD risk was estimated using a validated risk estimator. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results: The mean age of participants was 56.13 ± 12.65 years. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 97.6%. The most common lipid abnormalities were low HDL-C (78.6%) and high LDL-C (74.6%). The predominant combined patterns were High LDL-C + High Total Cholesterol + Low HDL-C (26.5%) and High LDL-C + Low HDL-C (25.8%). Over half of the participants (55.5%) had a high 10-year ASCVD risk (≥20%). ASCVD risk showed significant positive correlations with age (r=0.576, p<0.001), LDL-C (r=0.229, p=0.004), and triglycerides (r=0.205, p=0.010). Despite 71.9% reporting diet compliance, the prevalence of dyslipidemia and obesity (43.0%) was high.
Conclusion: There is an alarmingly high prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia and corresponding high ASCVD risk among diabetic adults in Jalingo. Current dietary practices appear insufficient, highlighting an urgent need for intensified, culturally-tailored lipid management and nutrition intervention strategies in this population.
Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, ASCVD Risk, Nutrition, Jalingo, Nigeria.
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