Asymptomatic Malaria Parasitaemia Among Students of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia represents a significant reservoir for malaria transmission in endemic areas. Understanding its prevalence is crucial for malaria control and elimination strategies. This study determined the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia among students of the University of Port Harcourt. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among asymptomatic students. Blood samples were collected using a finger prick and examined using thick and thin blood smears stained with Field's and Giemsa stains. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics, housing conditions, and prevention practices. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS with chi-square tests for associations. Results: The overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia was 78.3%. Males had a higher infection rate (82.0%) compared to females (75.7%), though this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Significant protective factors included sleeping under mosquito nets vs not (26.7% vs 85.7% infection rate, p<0.05), regular insecticide use vs not (30.8% vs 91.5%, p<0.05), and living in clean environments vs not (58.8% vs 86.1%, p<0.05). Blood group O+ individuals had the highest infection rate (75.6%). Recent malaria treatment showed a protective effect, with infection rates of 42.8% among those treated within two weeks compared to 91.3% among those who had not received treatment for extended periods (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The high prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among university students highlights the need for targeted interventions, including active case detection, improved vector control measures, and health education programs in academic institutions to support malaria elimination efforts.

Keywords: Asymptomatic malaria, parasitaemia, plasmodium, university, prevalence